Effects of Pesticides

If it has the suffix –cide in it, then you know it’s meant to kill something. Pesticides are designed to kill insects, fungus, bacteria and other things that feed on crops, are vectors for disease, nuisances, and things that destroy property. Farming is big business and some farming companies are bottom-line driven, in business to make money at any cost. Pesticides and genetically modified organisms are a way to ensure they get the crop yield they demand, no matter how it hurts the environment or the consumers.Two types of pesticides are biological and chemical. Biological pesticides can be developed using fungi, bacteria, and other organically present substances. Some biological pesticides are microorganisms that, without any manipulation, demonstrate natural effectiveness in targeted pest control. These generally aren’t toxic to humans or animals and don’t leave a persistent residue.^[1]

Who is to Blame?

Seven of the most toxic chemical compounds know to man are approved for use as pesticides in the production of foods! Who approved them? A multinational organization called The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). It was formed in 1963 from a cooperative effort between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Their overall objective was “…to protect the health of the consumer and ensure fair practices.” The intent of the original 172 nations involved in this effort was to develop a set of food guidelines, standards, and codes of practice. It was to be an international endeavor to promote safety in food.^[2] In spite of their stated consumer protection responsibilities, the CAC approved toxic chemicals for use on our crops. These toxins are referred to as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP’s). They’re called persistent because they are not easily removed from the environment.

The greatest risk to our environment and our health comes from the chemical pesticides. In spite of the dangers, the government maintains its approval of the use of toxic chemicals to make pesticides. And science is constantly developing variations of poisons.

Broad-spectrum and Narrow-spectrum Pesticides

Broad-spectrum pesticides kill many pests, while narrow-spectrum pesticides do just the opposite. Narrow-spectrum pesticides are developed to kill specific organism types. ^[3] Examples are algicides for algae, avicides for birds, fungicides for fungi and oomycetes (also called water molds, they use surface water including precipitation on plants, to move around). Most pesticides kill pests directly on contact. Systemic pesticides work differently. They penetrate to the inside of a plant traveling along its absorption path.^[4] These poisons work by poisoning the pollen and nectar of flowers and this can kill needed pollinators like butterflies and bees.

Pesticides and Bees

Pesticides are a major threat to bees.^[5] The systemic poisoning of flowers has killed scores of bees. We’re simply losing too many of them. The bees and butterflies among others are pollinators and they represent a natural tour de force in perpetuating plant cycles and evolution. You see, they do cross-pollination naturally. More than 25% of the bee colonies died in winter 2014-2015.^[6] That translates to a loss of tens of billions of bees. And it’s estimated that this loss will negatively impact the agricultural economy to the tune of $8 to $12 billion every year.^[7].

Who’s at Risk for Exposure to Pesticides?

Farmers and their families and other persons who use chemical pesticides regularly are at greatest risk for achieving toxic levels in their bodies. The danger is spread out to larger areas, as the pesticides:

• Are carried on the wind
• Leave residues on produce
• Remain inside produce and animals
• Run off into open water, contaminating public water supply as well as fish and other seafood

Anyone who uses pesticides or is present when pesticides are sprayed is at risk for dangerous exposure. The pesticides can enter the body through skin, eyes, mouth and nose.^[8]

What are the Dangers from Pesticides Exposure?

Pesticides can be toxic to humans and lower animals. It can take a small amount of some toxins to kill. And other toxins that are slower acting, may take a long time to cause harm^[9] to the human body.

Pesticide production can be dangerous, too. One disaster at a pesticide manufacturing plant was in Bhopal, India. The plant accidentally released 40 tons of an intermediate chemical gas, methyl isocyanate, used to produce some pesticides. In that disaster, nearly 3,000 people were killed immediately, overall approximately 15,000 deaths occurred. Today nearly 100,000 people suffer from mild to severe permanent damage as a result of that disaster.^[10]

Children seem to be greatly susceptible to the toxic effects of pesticides. The Natural Resource Defense Council has collected data which recorded higher incidence of childhood leukemia, brain cancer and birth defects. These results correlated with early exposure to pesticides.^[11]

Even just using pesticides in amounts within regulation, studies have revealed neurotoxins can do serious damage during development. Researchers report the dangers of pesticides can start as early as fetal stages of life.^[12] The Pesticides entry at Wikipedia.org lists some of the results that have been recorded in recent years including:

• Fetuses, (pre-birth babies), may suffer from exposure and exhibit behavioral problems, growth issues
• Lower cognitive scores, fewer nerve cells and lower birth weight
• A lower resistance to the toxic effects of pesticides
• A greater risk (70% increase), for Parkinson’s disease, even with low levels of pesticides

Can you believe the government approved the use of some organophosphates despite the occurrence of illnesses? It makes you wonder just who the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is working to protect.

What you also need to understand is that toxins from pesticides can remain in the body and build up in the liver and fatty tissue.^[13] And even at “safe” levels your reactions can be mild to severe. High levels of exposure can be fatal. How do you know if you’re going to be ill? You don’t. You just have to hope for the best. How will you be affected? Well, you don’t know how your body will react to the toxins until it happens. Several factors determine how your body will react including your level of exposure, the type of chemical you ingest, and your individual resistance to the chemicals. Some people are unaffected or are mildly affected, while others become severely ill from similar levels of exposure. Some possible reactions are:

How to Eliminate Toxins from Pesticides

1. Grow your own produce. Growing your own crops means that you can use healthful methods to control any pests. There are all-natural remedies for controlling pests and enriching soil. Or you can use organic pesticides.
2. The threat of illness from pesticides can be minimized with a few actions taken. It’s a good idea to keep your skin and face covered when you are in close proximity of pesticides use.
3. If growing your own crops is not an option, shop healthy. Visit your local farmer’s markets for the freshest organically grown foods. At your local grocery store, look for organic food products. Since awareness is being raised, more people are paying attention to what they’re eating, as are the store managers. More and more stores are working to accommodate this new healthier appetite by providing consumers with the organically grown products they want.
   
   There are certain produce items which contain the highest levels of pesticides. Avoiding these crops can reduce your pesticides consumption levels by as much as 90%. Some of these items are fruit like cherries, apples, peaches, pears and grapes. Vegetables you could avoid are celery, spinach, and sweet bell peppers. Remember, if they are responsibly grown, then these are safe to eat.

   References (17)

   1. “Pest Disease & Management.” University of the West Indies. 2004. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   2. “CODEX Alimentarius: About Codex.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 27 Feb. 2017. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   3. “UC Pest Management Guidelines Selectivity of Insecticides and Miticides.” University of California Agriculture & Natural Resources. 2016. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   4. “What is a systemic insecticide?” Texas A&M Agrilife. Insects in the City, n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   5. Henry, Mickaël, et al. “A Common Pesticide Decreases Foraging Success and Survival in Honey Bees.” Science 336.6079 (2012): 348–350. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   6. “Colony Collapse Disorder.” United States Environmental Protection Agency. 16 Sept. 2016. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   7. Sadler, Amelia. “Colony Collapse Disorder: The Economics of Decline.” Haas School of Business University of California Berkeley. 19 Oct. 2016. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   8. “Potential Health Effects of Pesticides.” Pesticide Education (Penn State Extension), n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   9. “What is a pyrethroid insecticide?” Texas A&M AgriLife. Insects in the City, 2016. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   10. Broughton, Edward. “The Bhopal Disaster and Its Aftermath: A Review.” Texas A&M AgriLife. Insects in the City, 2016. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   11. Mott, Lawrie. “The Disproportionate Impact of Environmental Health Threats on Children of Color.” 103.6 (1995): n.pag. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   12. Rauh, Virginia A., et al. “Brain Anomalies in Children Exposed Prenatally to a Common Organophosphate Pesticide.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109.20 (2012): 7871–7876. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   13. “Public Health Statement: DDT, DDE, DDD.” Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registery. 2002. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   14. “Symptoms of Pesticide Poisoning.” Pesticide Safety Education Program Cornell University. 2012. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   15. “Environmental Impacts on Reproductive Health.” Association of Reproductive Health Professionals. Jan. 2010. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   16. Bassil, K. L., et al. “Cancer Health Effects of Pesticides.” Official Publication of The College of Family Physicians of Canada 53.10 (2007): 1704–1711. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
   17. Langley, R.L., and S.A. Mort. “Human Exposures to Pesticides in the United States.” Journal of agromedicine. 17.3 (2012): 300–15. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.

   

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